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Analysis of Common Mechanical Faults of Cranes and Preventive Measures
This paper analyzes seven major mechanical fault sources of overhead cranes, including steel wire ropes, drums and rope pressure plates, hooks, reducer gears, brakes, wheels and rails, as well as safety accessories. Corresponding preventive measures and suggestions are put forward.
While overhead cranes bring high efficiency, convenience and speed to enterprise production, frequent accidents occur due to inherent mechanical hidden dangers and improper operation, causing economic losses to the country and society and bringing suffering to the personnel involved and their families.
The main causes of accidents are inherent mechanical failures and human operational errors. Studying mechanical faults, analyzing root causes and formulating preventive measures are key means to reduce crane mechanical accidents.
Special equipment managers shall standardize operator behaviors, attach importance to potential mechanical faults, and formulate thorough and feasible prevention plans according to actual equipment conditions, so as to ensure safe crane operation. Based on practical production experience, the mechanical faults and preventive measures of overhead cranes are analyzed as follows.
During operation, the stress state of steel wire ropes is extremely complex. Steel wires are distributed in outer and inner layers, bearing uneven force even under simple tension. When the rope bends around drums and pulleys, it generates bending stress and mutual extrusion pressure between steel wires, making accurate stress calculation difficult. The static calculation method is generally adopted.
The maximum static tension of the steel wire rope shall satisfy the formula:Where: — Maximum allowable static tension of the rope in operation; — Breaking tension of the steel wire rope;
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